ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی

ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی

تأثیر چهار هفته بی‌تمرینی پس از دوازده هفته تمرین منظم بر برخی شاخص های آنتروپومتریک و عملکرد جسمانی زنان والیبالیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران
3 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: همان‌گونه که تمرین ورزشی، موجب بهبود آمادگی جسمانی و سازگازی­ های فیزیولوژیک در بدن می‌شود، کاهش آمادگی جسمانی به دنبال قطع تمرین نیز دور از انتظار نیست. از این ‌رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر 4 هفته بی‌تمرینی متعاقب 12 هفته تمرین منظم بر ترکیب‌بدنی، سرعت، چابکی و توان عضلانی زنان والیبالیست بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش شبه‌تجربی، از میان والیبالیست‌های دختر شهرستان سمنان که در لیگ برتر و دسته یک عضویت داشتند، 24 نفر به‌صورت داوطلبانه انتخاب و در پژوهش شرکت کردند. پس از 12 هفته تمرین منظم و شرکت در مسابقات فصل و 4 هفته بی‌تمرینی متعاقب آن (تعطیلی فصل مسابقات و هم‌زمان با تعطیلات نوروز)، آزمون‌های اندازه‌گیری محیط کمر، باسن، ساق پا، دوی 20 متر، ایلینویز و پرش سارجنت به ترتیب به‌منظور سنجش شاخص ­های آنتروپومتریک، سنجش سرعت، چابکی و توان بی‌هوازی آزمودنی‌ها انجام شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آزمون تی همبسته در سطح معنی‌داری 0.05˂Pانجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که 4 هفته بی‌تمرینی موجب کاهش معناداری در میزان چابکی (0.001=P) و توان بی‌هوازی (0.005=P) آزمودنی‌ها گردید. اندازۀ محیط اندام‌ها و سرعت آزمودنی‌ها نیز کاهش مشاهده شد اما معنادار نبود.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، 4 هفته بی‌تمرینی موجب افت در عملکرد و شاخص ­های آنتروپومتریک زنان والیبالیست گردید. ازاین‌رو توجه به بی‌تمرینی و از طرفی طراحی برنامه‌های متناسب با فصل خارج از مسابقه به‌منظور پیشگیری از اثرات بی‌تمرینی می‌تواند کمک بسزایی به مربیان و ورزشکاران در جهت حفظ آمادگی جسمانی ناشی از تمرینات نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of four weeks of detraining after twelve weeks of regular training on anthropometrics indexes and physical performance of female volleyball players

نویسندگان English

Rouhollah Haghshenas 1
Maliheh Family fard 2
Hossein Poorhabibi 3
1 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 MSC of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Azad University of Damghan, Damghan, Iran
3 MSC of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction and purpose: As exercise training, had led to improvement of physical fitness and physiologic adaptations in body, the loss of physical fitness after cessation exercise, is not unexpected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparing 4 weeks of detraining after 12 weeks of regular exercise on composition anthropometrics indexes, speed, agility and muscle power of women volleyball players.
Materials and Methods: In this Quasi-experimental research, among the female volleyball players of Semnan city who were members of the super and the first division league, 24 people voluntarily chose and participated in the research. After 12 weeks of regular training and participating in season competitions and the following 4 weeks of detraining (competition season holiday and at the time as same as Nowruz holidays), was measurement of circumference of waist circumference, hips, legs, 20 meters run, Illinois, and Sargent's jump, respectively, were performed to measure the anthropometrics indexes, speed, agility, and muscle power of the subjects. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test at a significance level of p˂0.05.
Results: The results of the present study showed that 4 weeks of detraining caused a significant decrease in the agility (P=0.001) and muscle power (P=0.005) of the subjects. The size of the circumference of the organs and the speed of the subjects were also observed to decrease, but it was not significant.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, 4 weeks of detraining caused drop in the performance and anthropometrics indexes of female volleyball players. Therefore, attention to the detraining and designing programs suitable for the off-season in order to prevent the effects of detraining could greatly help coaches and athletes to maintain physical fitness due to training, and avoid the negative effects of detraining.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Detraining
Physical fitness
Body composition
Volleyball
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دوره 14، شماره 28 - شماره پیاپی 28
پاییز و زمستان
اسفند 1401
صفحه 18-25

  • تاریخ دریافت 12 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 آبان 1401