ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی

ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی

مقایسه برخی از ویژگی‌های آنتروپومتریکی، فیزیولوژیکی و روانشناختی ورزشکاران موفق و مبتدی زورخانه‌ای خراسان جنوبی

نویسندگان
دانشگاه بیرجند
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: به منظور شناسایی قابلیت­ های رشته ورزشی زورخانه جهت شکوفا شدن این ورزش در سطح جهان و المپیک، اجرای پژوهش بر روی گروهی از ورزشکاران مستعد این رشته که در سطح بالاتری از عملکرد نسبت به همسالان خود باشند، ضروری به نظر می­ رسد. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه برخی از ویژگی­ های آنتروپومتریکی، فیزیولوژیکی و روانشناختی ورزشکاران حرفه ­ای و مبتدی زورخانه­ ای خراسان جنوبی بود.
مواد و روش­ ها: بدین منظور 12 ورزشکار حرفه ­ای (سن 2±22.58 سال؛ قد 7.46­±175.75 سانتی­ متر؛ وزن 8.32­±66.88 کیلوگرم) و 12 ورزشکار مبتدی زورخانه ­ای شهرستان بیرجند (سن 1.93±20.58 سال؛ قد 6.97±175.08 سانتی­ متر؛ وزن 15.26­±­70.79 کیلوگرم) مقایسه شدند. متغیرهای تن­ سنجی؛ فیزیولوژیکی (قدرت پنجه، قدرت کمربند شانه، قدرت عضلات پشت، توان هوازی، توان بی­ هوازی پایین ­تنه و بالاتنه، استقامت عضلانی، تعادل دو طرفه و انعطاف­پذیری)؛ و متغیرهای روانشناختی دو گروه مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ ها از آزمون t مستقل (سطح معنی­ داری 0.05) استفاده شد.
یافته­ ها: در هیچ یک از شاخص­ های تن­ سنجی و روان­شناختی تفاوت معنی­ داری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد. در شاخص­ های فیزیولوژیکی در قدرت پنجه (0.030=P < span lang="AR-SA">) و عضلات پشت (0.014=P < span lang="AR-SA">)؛ VO2max (P < span lang="AR-SA">=0.024)، تعادل نیمه پویای چپ (0.034=P < span lang="AR-SA">) و راست (0.044=P < span lang="AR-SA">) و استقامت عضلانی (0.001=P < span lang="AR-SA">) تفاوت معنی­ داری بین دو گروه ورزشکار زورخانه­ ای وجود داشت و ورزشکاران حرفه ­ای بهتر از مبتدی بودند. ولی در شاخص ­های قدرت عضلات کمربند­شانه ­ای (0.069=P < span lang="AR-SA">)، توان بی­هوازی بالاتنه (0.808=P < span lang="AR-SA">) و پایین­تنه (0.985=P < span lang="AR-SA">) تفاوت معنی­ داری مشاهده نشد. از طرف دیگر، بین ویژگی­ های روانشناختی دو گروه تفاوت معنی­ داری مشاهده نشد (0.05
).
بحث و نتیجه­ گیری: با توجه به یافته­ های تحقیق، احتمالاً عوامل فیزیولوژیکی نسبت به سایر شاخص ­ها اهمیت بالاتری در تمایز ورزشکاران مبتدی و حرفه‌ای زورخانه‌­ای داشته و در روند استعدادیابی این رشته می­ تواند ملاک انتخاب قرار گیرند. با توجه به کسب امتیاز بالا در شش مهارت روانی، هر دو گروه ورزشکاران زورخانه ­ای خراسان جنوبی از آمادگی روانی خوبی نیز برخوردار بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of anthropometric, physiological and psychological characteristics of professional and novice athletes Zurkhaneh in South Khorasan

نویسندگان English

Ali Gholizadeh
Mohsen Mohammadnia Ahmadi
Ali Seghatoleslami
Saeid Ilbeigi
چکیده English

Introduction and purpose: In order to identify the capabilities of Zorkhaneh sports for the development of this sport at the world and Olympic levels, it is necessary to conduct research on a group of talented athletes who are at a higher level of performance than their peers. So, the purpose of this study was to compare some of the anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics of novice and professional athletes in zurkhaneh, South Khorasan.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, 12 professional (age: 22.58 ± 2.6; height: 175.65 ± 7.46 cm; weight: 66.88 ± 8.38 kg) and 12 athletes of zurkhaneh beginner in Birjand (age: 20.58 ± 1.93 years; height: 175.88 ± 6.97 cm; weight: 79.97 ± 15.26 kg) were compared. The anthropometric variables (height, weight, hip and leg length, body mass index, arm span, thigh and legs circumferences); physiological variables (handgrip, chest and back muscle strength, aerobic power, lower and upper body anaerobic power, muscular endurance, double-sided standing balance, flexibility); and psychological variables were evaluated in several separate sessions in both groups. The independent T-test was used for data analysis.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the anthropometric and psychological indicators (p>0.05). Among the physiological indices, there was a significant difference between the two groups of zurkhaneh athletes in hand grip (P=0.303) and back muscles strength (P=0.014); VO2max (P=0.024); Semi-dynamic left balance (P=0.04) and right (P=0.044); and muscular endurance (P=0.001), and professional athletes were better than novice. However, there was no significant difference between groups in chest muscle strength (P=0.069), upper (P=0.808) and lower (P=0.988) anaerobic power. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between groups in the psychological characteristics (p>0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research findings, physiological factors may be more important than other indicators in distinguishing between novice and professional zurkhaneh athletes and in the process of talent identification in this field can be selected. Due to the high score in six psychological skills, both groups of zurkhaneh athletes were also well mentally prepared.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Arm span
dynamometer
anaerobic power
Successful athlete
Zurkhaneh
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دوره 11، شماره 22 - شماره پیاپی 22
پاییز و زمستان
اسفند 1398
صفحه 19-29

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