Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

The effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on changes in AST, ALT and metabolic indices of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Solmaz Babaei 1
Morteza Fattahpour marandi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
10.22034/sbs.2023.407528.1046
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: Liver enzymes are among the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function in muscle training, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes are indicators of liver damage in sports activities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and metabolic indices in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: The current research is semi-experimental and was implemented with a pre-test and post-test design. 40 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes with an average age of 55-60 years were randomly divided into two groups aerobic exercise (20 people) and control (20 people). The aerobic training program was implemented for 8 weeks, five sessions a week for 60 minutes with an intensity of 50-75% of the reserve heart rate. ALT and AST levels as well as fat profile factors were measured in the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS version 22 software.
Results: The results of the present study showed that in the aerobic training group, compared to the control group, the level of ALT and AST decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the aerobic training group, the level of HDL showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the amount of triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL in the aerobic training group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that doing aerobic exercises plays a significant role in improving or reducing liver diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes, But more studies are needed to reach a single treatment strategy and the most effective way.
Keywords
ALT
AST
metabolic indices
aerobic exercise
diabetic postmenopausal women
Parkosadze G, Burkadze G, Mizandari M, Sulakvelidze M, Sanikidze T. Role of proapoptotic p-53 factor in pathogenesis
of nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis. Georgian Medical News. 2013(215):55-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23482364/
2. Farzanegi P, Pour Amin Z, Habibian M. Changes of liver trans-aminases after a period of selected aerobic training in
postmenopausal women. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2014;8(1). URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-406-en.html [In
Persian]
3. Jourkesh M, Ebadi H. Effect of Six Weeks Endurance, Resistance and Combined Training on Liver ALT and AST in The
Liver of Ovariectomized Rat. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2019;6(1):78-85.
10.22049/JASSP.2019.26649.1267. [In Persian]
4. Day C. Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Best practice & research Clinical gastroenterology. 2002;16(5):663-78. doi:
10.1053/bega.2002.0333
5. Devries MC, Samjoo IA, Hamadeh MJ, Tarnopolsky MA. Effect of endurance exercise on hepatic lipid content,
enzymes, and adiposity in men and women. Obesity. 2008;16(10):2281-8. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.358.
6. Fabbrini E, Sullivan S, Klein S. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical
implications. Hepatology. 2010;51(2):679-89. doi: 10.1002/hep.23280.
7. Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Hàˆring H-U. Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver. Endocrine reviews.
2008;29(7):939-60. doi: 10.1210/er.2008-0009
8. Hasanvand B, Karami K, Khodadi A, Valipour M. Impact determination of strength and resistance training on Glycoside
hemoglobin and blood sugar on patients with type II diabetes”. Yafteh. 2011;13(3):75-81.
URL: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-565-en.html [In Persian]
9. Fattahpour Marandi M, Babaei Bonab S. Effect of 12 weeks of resistance and aerobic training on serum levels of CTRP12 and LCN-2 in women with type-2 diabetes. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2023; 15 (2):45-57. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2023.357093.1581. [In Persian]
10. DA B, IJ P, Abe T, Sato Y, MG B. Effects of a single bout of low intensity KAATSU resistance training on markers of
bone turnover in young men. International Journal of KAATSU Training Research. 2007;3(2):21-6.
DOI:10.3806/ijktr.3.21
11. Rezaei M, Namdar S. The effects of three sessions of running on a negative slope on serum levels of liver enzymes in
adult male rats. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2013;15(5). https://brieflands.com/articles/zjrms92989.pdf [In Persian]
12. Davoodi M, Moosavi H, Nikbakht M. The effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver
enzymes (AST, ALT) of fat liver patients. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 14 (1) :84-90.
URL: http://78.39.35.44/article-1-1054-en.html [In Persian]
13. Barani F, Afzalpour M E, Ilbiegi S, Kazemi T, Mohammadi Fard M. The effect of resistance and combined exercise on
serum levels of liver enzymes and fitness indicators in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Birjand
University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 21 (2) :188-202. URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-1588-en.html [In Persian]
14. Burtis C, Ashwood E, Bruns D. Clinical biochemistry tietz: analyte and pathophysiology. translate by: Amirrasouli H.
Tehran: Ketab Arjmand publication. India Journal Clinical Biochemestry. 2013; 28(1): 104–105. doi: 10.1007/s12291-
012-0287-7
15. Villegas R, Xiang Y-B, Elasy T, Cai Q, Xu W, Li H, et al. Liver enzymes, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in
middle-aged, urban Chinese men. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. 2011;9(4):305-11. doi:
10.1089/met.2011.0016
16. Chen Z-w, Chen L-y, Dai H-l, Chen J-h, Fang L-z. Relationship between alanine aminotransferase levels and metabolic
syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 2008;9:616-22. doi:
10.1631/jzus.B0720016.
17. Leehey DJ, Collins E, Kramer HJ, Cooper C, Butler J, McBurney C, et al. Structured exercise in obese diabetic patients
with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of nephrology. 2016;44(1):54-62. doi:
10.1159/000447703.
18. Sanz C, Gautier J-F, Hanaire H. Physical exercise for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes &
metabolism. 2010;36(5):346-51. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.06.001.
19. Moradi H, Razavianzadeh N, Younesian A, Zahedi E. Effective aerobic training and use of vitamin E on non-alcoholic
fatty liver in the male secondary school students of shahrood city. Sport Physiology. 2017;9(34):115-28. [In Persian]
20. Bordenave S, Brandou F, Manetta J, Fedou C, Mercier J, Brun J-F. Effects of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity,
glucose effectiveness and disposition index in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes & metabolism. 2008;34(3):250-7. doi:
10.1016/j.diabet.2007.12.008
21. Yousefipoor P, Tadibi V, Behpoor N, Parnow A, Delbari M, Rashidi S. Effects of aerobic exercise on glucose control and
cardiovascular risk factor in type 2 diabetes patients. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences.
2015;57(9):976-84. doi 10.22038/MJMS.2015.3882 [In Persian]
22. Kawanishi N, Yano H, Mizokami T, Takahashi M, Oyanagi E, Suzuki K. Exercise training attenuates hepatic
inflammation, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration during diet induced-obesity in mice. Brain, behavior, and immunity.
2012;26(6):931-41. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.04.006.
23. Bahrami A, Saremi A. Effect of caloric restriction with or without aerobic training on body composition, blood lipid
profile, insulin resistance, and inflammatory marker in middle-age obese/overweight men. Arak Medical University
Journal. 2011;14(3):11-9. http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-779-en.html [In Persian]
24. Hosseini Kakhk A, Khalegh Zadeh H, Nematy M, Hamedi Nia M. The effect of combined aerobic-resistance training on
lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver under nutrition diet. Sport Physiology.
2015;7(27):65-84. [In Persian]
25. Jorge MLMP, de Oliveira VN, Resende NM, Paraiso LF, Calixto A, Diniz ALD, et al. The effects of aerobic, resistance,
and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60(9):1244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.01.006
26. Kadoglou NP, Perrea D, Iliadis F, Angelopoulou N, Liapis C, Alevizos M. Exercise reduces resistin and inflammatory
cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2007;30(3):719-21. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1149.
27. Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves
glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2002;56(2):115-23. doi:
10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00368-0.
28. Cox KL, Burke V, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB. A comparison of the effects of swimming and walking on body weight, fat
distribution, lipids, glucose, and insulin in older women—the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2.
Metabolism. 2010;59(11):1562-73. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.02.001
29. Ahmadi H, Ghanbarzadeh M, Nikbakht M, Ranjbar R. Effects of eight-weeks aerobic exercise on leptin to adiponectin
ratio and glycemic control indices in men with type 2 diabetes1. Sport Physiology. 2021;13(51):93-116.
https://doi.org/10.22089/spj.2021.10260.2122 [In Persian]
30. Almeida MB, Araújo CGS. Effects of aerobic training on heart rate. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.
2003;9:113-20. doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922003000200006
31. Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Willis LH, Shields AT, Tanner CJ, Piner LW, et al. Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on
visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE
AT/RT. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;301(5):E1033-E9. doi: 10.1152/
ajpendo.00291.2011
32. Nikroo H, Attarzade Hosseini SR, Sima H, Nematy M. The effect of diet and aerobic training on serum
aminotransferases levels in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Daneshvar Medicine. 2011;19(1):51-60.
33. Kumar M, Nagpal R, Kumar R, Hemalatha R, Verma V, Kumar A, et al. Cholesterol-lowering probiotics as potential
biotherapeutics for metabolic diseases. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2012;2012. doi: 10.1155/2012/902917.
34. Kulie T, Slattengren A, Redmer J, Counts H, Eglash A, Schrager S. Obesity and women's health: an evidence-based
review. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2011;24(1):75-85. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.100076
35. Michel L. Blood lipid responses after continuous and accumulated aerobic exercise. Journal of Sport Nutrition. 2006:16-
245. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.16.3.245
36. Navarro MC, Montilla MP, Martín A, Jiménez J, Utrilla MP. Free radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of
Rosmarinus tomentosus. Planta Medica. 1993;59(04):312-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-959688.
37. Raza H, Prabu SK, John A, Avadhani NG. Impaired mitochondrial respiratory functions and oxidative stress in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. International journal of molecular sciences. 2011;12(5):3133-47. doi:
10.3390/ijms12053133. [In Persian]
38. Samelman T. Heat shock protein expression is increased in cardiac and skeletal muscles of Fischer 344 rats after
endurance training. Experimental physiology. 2000;85(1):97-102. doi: 10.1017/s0958067000018947
39. Rodriguez B, Torres DM, Harrison SA. Physical activity: an essential component of lifestyle modification in NAFLD.
Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2012;9(12):726-31. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.200

  • Receive Date 17 July 2023
  • Revise Date 24 August 2023
  • Accept Date 04 November 2023