Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

The effect of 8 weeks of combined endurance-resistance training with garlic supplement on the serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 in inactive overweight boys

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Obesity is a condition known to disrupt the homeostasis of inflammatory markers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of combined endurance-resistance training with garlic supplement on the serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 in inactive overweight boys.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 46 healthy inactive volunteer male (mean age: 19.51±1.88 years, weight: 77.05±7.07 kg, height: (164.25 ± 6.53 cm) were randomly divided into 4 groups: training-placebo, supplement, training- supplement and placebo. The groups daily consumed 250 mg of garlic. The training groups also performed three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using correlated t-test and ANCOVA. The significant level was set at P<0.05.
Results: In the examination of the post-test between the groups, there was a significant difference between interleukin 10 levels (P=0.002, F=5.92), but no significant difference was found in the concentrations of interleukin-6 and hs-CRP (P=0/15, F=1.86; P=0.27, F=1.22). The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that interleukin 10 levels were significantly different in the training -placebo groups with placebo (P=0.023) and supplement with placebo (P=0.003). In examining the post-test levels between the 3 groups, no significant difference was found in any of the investigated variables (P= 0.078, F=2.72; P= 0.15, F=1.86; P=0.27, F=1.22) (IL-10, IL-6 and hs-CRP variables, respectively).
Discussion and conclusion: The improvement of hs-CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 by performing combined training alone or with the consumption of garlic probably indicates the necessity of performing trainings in interventions to improve selected inflammatory indicators.
Keywords

Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of
disease across the life span. Nature medicine. 2019;25(12):1822-32.
2. Demetriou Y, Bachner J. A school-based intervention based on self-determination theory to promote girls' physical
activity: study protocol of the CReActivity cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-9.
3. Mathers C, Stevens G, Mascarenhas M. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major
risks: WHO; 2009.
4. Dalbello Tir AM, Labor M, Plavec D. The effects of physical activity on chronic subclinical systemic inflammation. Arh
hig rada toksikol. 2017;68(4):276-86.
5. Bruunsgaard H. Physical activity and modulation of systemic low‐level inflammation. J leukoc biol. 2005;78(4):819-35.
6. Petersen AMW, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J appl physiol. 2005;98(4):1154-62.
7. Wisse BE. The inflammatory syndrome: the role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity.
JASN. 2004;15(11):2792-800.
8. Rattazzi M, Puato M, Faggin E, Bertipaglia B, Zambon A, Pauletto P. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in vascular
disease: culprits or passive bystanders? AJH. 2003;21(10):1787-803.
9. Wassel CL, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA. Association of circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with
longevity into the 80s and 90s: The Rancho Bernardo Study. JCEM. 2010;95(10):4748-55.
10. Calabro P, Chang DW, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Release of C-reactive protein in response to inflammatory cytokines by
human adipocytes: linking obesity to vascular inflammation. JACC. 2005;46(6):1112-3.
11. Quesada I, de Paola M, Torres-Palazzolo C, Camargo A, Ferder L, Manucha W, et al. Effect of garlic’s active
constituents in inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Current hypertension reports. 2020;22(1):1-10.
12. Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Baumert J, Meisinger C. Prospective study of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a
determinant of mortality: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984–1998. Clinical chemistry.
2008;54(2):335-42.
13. Moutia M, Habti N, Badou A. In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulator Activities of Allium sativum L. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;2018.
14. Woodward A, Broom D, Dalton C, Metwally M, Klonizakis M. Supervised exercise training and increased physical
activity to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol for a randomized
controlled feasibility trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):1-8.
15. Zahmatkesh M, Shabani R. The effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises on glucose homeostasis and serum
HS-CRP in overweight and obese anxious adolescent girls. KAUMS, 2018; 22(4):349-403.
16. Stewart LK, Earnest CP, Blair SN, Church TS. Effects of different doses of physical activity on C-reactive protein among
women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):701.
17. Wong PC, Chia M, Tsou IY, Wansaicheong GK, Tan B, Wang JCK, et al. Effects of a 12-week exercise training
programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Ann
Acad Med Singap. 2008.
18. Banitalebi E, Mardanpour Shahrekordi Z, Kazemi AR, Bagheri L, Amani Shalamzari S, Faramarzi M. Comparing the
effects of eight weeks of combined training (Endurance and Resistance) in different orders on inflammatory factors and
adipokines among elderly females. WHB. 2016;3(2):1-10.
19. Oberbach A, Tönjes A, Klöting N, Fasshauer M, Kratzsch Jr, Busse MW, et al. Effect of a 4 week physical training
program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. EJE.
2006;154(4):577-85.
20. Ghorbanian B, Ghasemnian A. The effects of 8 weeks interval endurance combined training on plasma TNF-α, IL-10,
insulin resistance and lipid profile in boy adolescents. JPSBS, 2016; 4(7):43-54.
21. Wang Z-Y, Liu J-G, Li H, Yang H-M. Pharmacological effects of active components of chinese herbal medicine in the
treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A review. AJCM. 2016;44(08):1525-41.
22. Q Alali F, El-Elimat T, Khalid L, Hudaib R, Saleh Al-Shehabi T, H Eid A. Garlic for cardiovascular disease: prevention
or treatment? Current pharmaceutical design. 2017;23(7):1028-41.
23. Varshney R, Budoff MJ. Garlic and heart disease. J Nutr. 2016;146(2):416S-21S.
24. Galal HM, Abd el-Rady NM. Aqueous garlic extract supresses experimental gentamicin induced renal pathophysiology
mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation and Kim-1. Pathophysiology. 2019;26(3-4):271-9.
25. Pandrangi A. Cancer chemoprevention by garlic-A review. Hereditary genet. 2015;4(2):1-7.
26. Hodge G, Hodge S, Han P. Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro:
potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. j Int Soc Anal Cytol. 2002;48(4):209-15.
27. Ziaei S, Hantoshzadeh S, Rezasoltani P, Lamyian M. The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation
in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001; 99(2):201-6.
باتوانی و همکاران
ورزش و علوم زیست حرکتی سال چهاردهم/ شماره /2 پیاپی /28 پاییز و زمستان 1401 )50(
28. Tofighi A, Zolfaghari MR, Najafi Eliasabad S, Assemi A. Effects of acute aerobic training accompanied by vitamin C+ E
supplementation on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in sedentary obese women. J Res Med Sci.
2010; 21(3):228-36.
29. Mohammadi Sarableh N, Tahmasebi W, Azizi M, Abdullahzad H. The effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance
training with garlic supplementation on serum levels of C-reactive protein and insulin resistance in overweight women.
JSEP. 2022;15(3):46-56.
30. Gholami F, Bashiri J, Amanollahi N. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic Consumption and Regular Exercise in
Sedentary Overweight Individuals. HMJ. 2020;24(2): 103143.
31. Atkin M, Laight D, Cummings MH. The effects of garlic extract upon endothelial function, vascular inflammation,
oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. A pilot double blind
randomized placebo controlled trial. J Diabetes Complications. 2016;30(4):723-7.
32. Soori R, Khosravi N, Fallahian N, Daneshvar S. The effects of garlic supplements and exercise on the levels of
Lipocalin-2 and insulin resistance among middle-aged obese women. J Renewable Natural Resources Bhutan ISSN.
2015;1608:4330.
33. Alkan BM. The effects of the aerobics exercise program on the cardiopulmoner capacity and disease symptoms of the
patients with primary fibromialgia syndrome. OJRA. 2013;2013.
34. Mardani A, Abednatanzi H, Khosravi N, Ghazalian F, Azizbeigi K. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-1beta, and Creatine Kinase
Changes to the DeLorme and Oxford Resistance Training Techniques. J Clin Res Paramed Sci. 2022; 11(2).
35. Dhawan V, Jain S. Effect of garlic supplementation on oxidized low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in
patients of essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;266(1):109-15.
36. Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, Timmerman KL, et al. The influence of exercise
training on inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1714.
37. Olson TP, Dengel D, Leon A, Schmitz K. Changes in inflammatory biomarkers following one-year of moderate
resistance training in overweight women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31(6):996-1003.
38. Lin C-C, Kardia SL, Li C-I, Liu C-S, Lai M-M, Lin W-Y, et al. The relationship of high sensitivity C-reactive protein to
percent body fat mass, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference in a Taiwanese population. BMC
Public Health. 2010;10(1):1-8.
39. Seo Y-G, Lim H, Kim Y, Ju Y-S, Lee H-J, Jang HB, et al. The effect of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on
obesity status, body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents with
obesity. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):137.
40. Lakka TA, Lakka H-M, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Rao D, Skinner JS, et al. Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of Creactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study. Eur Heart J, 2005; 26(19):2018-25.
41. Okita K, Nishijima H, Murakami T, Nagai T, Morita N, Yonezawa K, et al. Can exercise training with weight loss lower
serum C-reactive protein levels? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004; 24(10):1868-73.
42. Kenawy S, Mohammed GF, Younes S, Elakhras AI. Evaluation of TNF‐α serum level in patients with recalcitrant
multiple common warts, treated by lipid garlic extract. Dermatol Ther. 2014;27(5):272-7.
43. Gómez-Arbeláez D, Lahera V, Oubiña P, Valero-Muñoz M, De las Heras N, Rodríguez Y, et al. Aged garlic extract
improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized,
crossover study. Mediators Inflamm. 2013.

  • Receive Date 15 September 2022
  • Accept Date 28 November 2022