Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Effect of Aerobic Training on Sirtuin 1 Protein Levels and Insulin Resistance in Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
ali kharghani 1
Najmeh Rezaeian 2
1 student
2 Assistant professor
10.22034/sbs.2023.413401.1053
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: Obesity by inducing insulin malfunction increases fasting glucose in diabetic patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eight weeks of aerobic training on sirtuin-1 and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in overweight and obese men with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and   Methods:  Twenty-two obese men with type 2 diabetes (Age: 35.7± 4.9 years, body mass index (BMI): 30.45± 2.35 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in the study and divided into two groups of Training and control based on their fasting blood glucose levels. Subjects in training group participated in eight weeks of aerobic training at intensity of 70 percent of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week and 45-50 minutes per session. Blood samples were collected before training and 48 hours after the last training session to measure the investigating blood factors (Sirtuin-1, insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR). Data were analyzed by ANOVA repeated measure (2×2) for between groups and paired t-test for within each group.
Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant increase in the serum levels of sirtuin-1, and significant decrease in insulin, fasting blood glucose, and HOMA-IR, body weight and BMI as well in post-test compared to the pre-test (P<0.05). Moreover, compared to the control group, serum levels of sirtuin-1 increased and insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR, body weight, and BMI decreased significantly (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant correlations between changes in serum levels of sirtuin-1 and fasting glucose, BMI, and body weight (P<0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training improves insulin resistance in obese men with type 2 diabetes through increasing protein levels of sirtuin-1.
Keywords
Key words: Aerobic Training
Metabolism
Insulin Resistance
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
Amanat S, Ghahri S, Dianatinasab A, Fararouei M, Dianatinasab M. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Physical Exercise for
Human Health. 2020:91-105. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1792-16.
2. Association AD. 1. Improving care and promoting health in populations: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2020.
Diabetes care. 2020;43(Supplement_1):S7-S13. doi:10.2337/dc20-S001.
3. Lin L, Wang Y, Xu W, Huang C, Hu J, Chen X, et al. Aerobic exercise improves type 2 diabetes mellitus-related
cognitive impairment by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and enhancing AMPK/SIRT1 pathways in mice. Disease Markers.
2022;2022. doi:10.1155/2022/6010504.
4. Radak Z, Koltai E, Taylor AW, Higuchi M, Kumagai S, Ohno H, et al. Redox-regulating sirtuins in aging, caloric
restriction, and exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2013;58:87-97. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.004.
5. Kitada M, Kume S, Takeda-Watanabe A, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Sirtuins and renal diseases: relationship with aging and
diabetic nephropathy. Clinical Science. 2013;124(3):153-64. doi:10.1042/CS20120190.
6. Rodgers JT, Lerin C, Haas W, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM, Puigserver P. Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through
a complex of PGC-1α and SIRT1. Nature. 2005;434(7029):113-8. doi:10.1038/nature03354.
7. Banks AS, Kon N, Knight C, Matsumoto M, Gutiérrez-Juárez R, Rossetti L, et al. SirT1 gain of function increases energy
efficiency and prevents diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism. 2008;8(4):333-41. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.014.
8. Wang R-H, Kim H-S, Xiao C, Xu X, Gavrilova O, Deng C-X. Hepatic Sirt1 deficiency in mice impairs mTorc2/Akt
signaling and results in hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
2011;121(11). doi:10.1172/JCI46243.
9. Nie Y, Erion DM, Yuan Z, Dietrich M, Shulman GI, Horvath TL, et al. STAT3 inhibition of gluconeogenesis is
downregulated by SirT1. Nature cell biology. 2009;11(4):492-500. doi:10.1038/ncb1857]
10. Gharakhanlou BJ, Bonab SB. The effect of 12 weeks of training in water on serum levels of SIRT1 and FGF-21,
glycemic index, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing
Countries. 2022:1-8. doi:10.1007/s13410-021-01032-5.
11. Liu H-W, Chang S-J. Moderate exercise suppresses NF-κB signaling and activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α axis to
attenuate muscle loss in diabetic db/db mice. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;9:636. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00636.
12. Koltai E, Szabo Z, Atalay M, Boldogh I, Naito H, Goto S, et al. Exercise alters SIRT1, SIRT6, NAD and NAMPT levels
in skeletal muscle of aged rats. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2010;131(1):21-8.
doi:10.1016/j.mad.2009.11.002.
13. Milionis C, Ilias I, Venaki E, Koukkou E. Glucose homeostasis, diabetes mellitus, and gender-affirming treatment.
Biomedicines. 2023;11(3):670. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030670]
14. Kelly DM, Jones TH. Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease. Journal of Endocrinology.
2013;217(3):R25-R45. doi:10.1530/JOE-12-0455.
15. Mauvais-Jarvis F, Clegg DJ, Hevener AL. The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis.
Endocrine Reviews. 2013;34(3):309-38. doi:10.1210/er.2012-1055]
16. Bruns CM, Kemnitz JW. Sex hormones, insulin sensitivity, and diabetes mellitus. ILAR Journal. 2004;45(2):160-9.
doi:10.1093/ilar.45.2.160.
17. Way KL, Hackett DA, Baker MK, Johnson NA. The effect of regular exercise on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes
mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2016;40(4):253-71.
doi:10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.253.
18. Feito Y, Patel P, Sal Redondo A, Heinrich KM. Effects of eight weeks of high intensity functional training on glucose
control and body composition among overweight and obese adults. Sports. 2019;7(2):51. doi:10.3390/sports7020051.
19. Saremi A, Sh S, Kavyani A. The effect of aerobic training on metabolic parameters and 1serumlevel of sirtuin1 in women
with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2016;19(114):88-97. [In Persian].
20. Fiorentino TV, De Vito F, Suraci E, Marasco R, Hribal ML, Luzza F, et al. Obesity and overweight are linked to
increased sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 5 levels in duodenum. Obesity. 2023;31(3):724-31.
doi:10.1002/oby.23653.
21. Radak Z, Suzuki K, Posa A, Petrovszky Z, Koltai E, Boldogh I. The systemic role of SIRT1 in exercise mediated
adaptation. Redox biology. 2020;35:101467. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101467.
22. Satoh A, Stein L, Imai S. The role of mammalian sirtuins in the regulation of metabolism, aging, and longevity. Histone
Deacetylases: The Biology and Clinical Implication. 2011:125-62. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21631-2_7.
23. Casuso RA, Martínez-Amat A, Hita-Contreras F, Camiletti-Moirón D, Aranda P, Martínez-López E. Quercetin
supplementation does not enhance cerebellar mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative status in exercised rats. Nutrition
Research. 2015;35(7):585-91. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.007.
24. Oliveira NR, Marques SO, Luciano TF, Pauli JR, Moura LP, Caperuto E, et al. Treadmill training increases SIRT-1 and
PGC-1α protein levels and AMPK phosphorylation in quadriceps of middle-aged rats in an intensity-dependent manner.
Mediators of Inflammation. 2014;2014. doi:10.1155/2014/987017.
25. Lee J-H, Song M-Y, Song E-K, Kim E-K, Moon WS, Han M-K, et al. Overexpression of SIRT1 protects pancreatic βcells against cytokine toxicity by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Diabetes. 2009;58(2):344-51.
doi:10.2337/db07-1795.
26. Lee S, Bacha F, Hannon T, Kuk JL, Boesch C, Arslanian S. Effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise without caloric
restriction on abdominal fat, intrahepatic lipid, and insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent boys: a randomized, controlled
trial. Diabetes. 2012;61(11):2787-95. doi:10.2337/db12-0214.
27. Yang D, Yang Y, Li Y, Han R. Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: From mechanism to orientation.
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019;74(4):313-21. doi:10.1159/000500110.
28. Gerhart‐Hines Z, Rodgers JT, Bare O, Lerin C, Kim SH, Mostoslavsky R, et al. Metabolic control of muscle
mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation through SIRT1/PGC‐1α. The EMBO Journal. 2007;26(7):1913-23.
doi:10.1038/sj. emboj.7601633.
29. Bordone L, Motta MC, Picard F, Robinson A, Jhala US, Apfeld J, et al. Sirt1 regulates insulin secretion by repressing
UCP2 in pancreatic β cells. PLoS Biology. 2006;4(2):e31. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040031.
30. Picard F, Kurtev M, Chung N, Topark-Ngarm A, Senawong T, Machado de Oliveira R, et al. Sirt1 promotes fat
mobilization in white adipocytes by repressing PPAR-γ. Nature. 2004;429(6993):771-6. doi:10.1038/nature02583.
31. Kitada M, Koya D. SIRT1 in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.
2013;37(5):315-25. doi:10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.315.
32. Fröjdö S, Durand C, Molin L, Carey AL, El-Osta A, Kingwell BA, et al. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a novel functional
target for the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway by SIRT1. Molecular and Sellular Sndocrinology.
2011;335(2):166-76. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.008.
33. Hussey S, McGee SL, Garnham A, McConell G, Hargreaves M. Exercise increases skeletal muscle GLUT4 gene
expression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2012;14(8):768-71. doi:10.1111/j.1463-
1326.2012.01585.x.
34. Gordon JW, Dolinsky VW, Mughal W, Gordon GR, McGavock J. Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondria to prevent
type 2 diabetes in youth. Biochemistry and cell biology. 2015;93(5):452-65. doi:10.1139/bcb-2015-0012.
35. Wang X, You T, Murphy K, Lyles MF, Nicklas BJ. Addition of exercise increases plasma adiponectin and release from
adipose tissue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Sxercise. 2015;47(11):2450. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000670

  • Receive Date 26 August 2023
  • Revise Date 04 November 2023
  • Accept Date 09 November 2023