Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences

Survey physical activity level, nutritional habits and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Rasht municipal employees

Authors
hamidreza azmoon zavie kivi
arsalan Damirchi
Bahman Mirzaei
10.22034/sbs.2021.161254
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Rasht municipal employees and compare the level of physical activity (PA), metabolic risk factors and their eating habits with non-MetS employees.
Materials and methods: 1007 employees participated in this study (age: 43.3±9.2 years, 800 men, 207 women) and their height, weight, body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured. Beack questionnaire and a national standard questionnaire were used to assess the level of PA and eating habits, respectively. The MetS was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) index. Kruskal-Wallis and Yeoman-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: Based on the results, 18.4% of employees had MetS and 58.3% of them had low levels of PA. Chi-squared test showed a significant relationship between the level of PA and the prevalence of MetS (X2=10.4, P=0.005), so that the percentage of employees with MetS at the high, moderate and low level of PA was 10.4, 15.4 and 21.5, respectively. Also high level of PA, TG and HDL levels in male, WC in female, and FBS in both sexes were not different from non-MetS employees (P<0.05); while these factors at the moderate and low level of PA were significantly different (P<0.05). The MetS was inversely associated with weekly consumption of fruits and fish (P<0.05) and was directly associated with consumption of fried foods in three daily meals (P<0.01).
Discussion and Conclusion: The risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is lower in employees who have a higher level of physical activity, and having a high level of physical activity can be an effective solution in controlling some components of metabolic syndrome, such as TG, FBS, and WC. Also, in addition to improving the level of physical activity, increasing the consumption of fruits and fish can be effective in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome among employees.
Keywords
cardiovascular risk factors
lipid profile
blood pressure
Diet
1. Bell NR, Grad R, Dickinson JA, Singh H, Moore AE, Kasperavicius D, et al. Better decision making in preventive health screening: Balancing benefits and harms. Canadian Family Physician. 2017;63(7):521-4. 2. Addo PN, Nyarko KM, Sackey SO, Akweongo P, Sarfo B. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and associated factors among financial institution workers in Accra Metropolis, Ghana: a cross sectional study. BMC research notes. 2015;8(1):1-8. 3. Sharifirad G, Mohebbi S, Matlabi M. The relationship of physical activity in middle age and cardiovascular problems in old age in retired people in Isfahan, 2006. Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences. 2007;13(2):57-63. In persian 4. Mohtasham-Amiri Z, Asadian-Rad M, Khademloo M, Abbasi-Ranjbar Z, Jafari-Shakib A, Kiaei M, et al. Main Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Bank Employee of Guilan in 2016. Community Health. 2017;4(4):358-66. In persian 5. Barghamadi M, Khajehlandi M. Evaluation of Prevalence of Obesity and its Relationship with Physical Fitness Indices of Mashhad Offices Employees. Journal of Health. 2019;10(4):457-67. In persian 6. Latifi SM, Karandish M, Shahbazian H, Cheraghian B, Moradi M. Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) and its relation with incidence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 Diabetes amongst individuals aged over 20 years in Ahvaz: a 5 Year cohort Study (2009–2014). Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2017;11:S1037-S40. 7. Federation ID. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. IDF Communications. 8. Sepandi M, Taghdir M. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in personnel of a military center. Journal of Military Health Promotion. 2020;1(2):78-84. In persian 9. Afshari D, Shirali G, Amiri A, Rashnuodi P, Raesi zadeh M, Sahraneshin Samani A. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome frequency and its association with effecting demographic factors among workers of a petrochemical industry. Iran Occupational Health. 2020;17:67. 10. Amiri A, Hakimi A. The study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome among nurses of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital of Bandar Abbas city, Iran. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery. 2017;6(1):1-8. In persian 11. Niazi E, Saraei M, Aminian O, Izadi N. Frequency of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in health care workers. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019;13(1):338-42. 12. Pourmohammadi A, Hosseini E, Musavizadeh A, Hosseini KM. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its predictors in gachsaran oil industry workers, kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province 2017;24(1):72-84. In persian 13. Cho DY, Koo J-W. Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(9):1798. 14. Hoseini R, Najafi F. Correlation between Physical Activity Levels and Dietary Patterns with Hypertension in Elderly Women with Metabolic Syndrome. scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences. 2019;27(4):1-12. In persian 15. Pollock ML, Jackson AS. Research progress in validation of clinical methods of assessing body composition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1984;16(6):606-15. 16. Bauman A, Craig CL. The place of physical activity in the WHO Global Strategy on Diet and Physical Activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2005;2(1):1-6. 17. Turi BC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA, Monteiro HL. Low levels of physical activity and metabolic syndrome: cross-sectional study in the Brazilian public health system. Ciência & saúde coletiva. 2016;21(4):1043-50. 18. Mirzaee Vishkaee K, Rahmaninia F, Elmieh A. The relationship between nutritional knowledge, body composition and physical activity level in middle-aged, obese and underweight females. Journal of Sport and Biomotor Sciences. 2013;5(10):33-43. In persian 19. Delavari A, Alikhani S, Alaedinini F, Gooya M. A National Profile of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors in the I.R. of IRAN. Tehran, Iran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education Center for Disease Control 2005. In persian 20. Burton WN, Chen C-Y, Li X, Schultz AB, Abrahamsson H. The association of self-reported employee physical activity with metabolic syndrome, health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2014;56(9):919-26 21. Konradi AO, Rotar OP, Korostovtseva LS, Ivanenko VV, Solntcev VN, Anokhin SB, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in a population of bank employees from St. Petersburg, Russia. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2011;9(5):337-43. 22. Mohammadi A, Khodaei K, Badri N. Association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical activity at work, leisure time and during exercise among over 30 years old male students in Sabzevar (Case Study of Applied Science University). Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2019;26(1):53-61. In persian 23. Latifi SM, Karandish M, Shahbazian H, Cheraghian B, Moradi M. Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) and its relation with incidence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 Diabetes amongst individuals aged over 20 years in Ahvaz: a 5 Year cohort Study (2009–2014). Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2017;11:S1037-S40. 24. Huang J-H, Li R-H, Huang S-L, Sia H-K, Lee S-S, Wang W-H, et al. Relationships between different types of physical activity and metabolic syndrome among Taiwanese workers. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):1-8. 25. Hu G, Pekkarinen H, Hänninen O, Tian H, Guo Z. Relation between commuting, leisure time physical activity and serum lipids in a Chinese urban population. Annals of human biology. 2001;28(4):412-21. 26. Hu G, Eriksson J, Barengo NC, Lakka TA, Valle TT, Nissinen A, et al. Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to total and cardiovascular mortality among Finnish subjects with type 2 diabetes. Circulation. 2004;110(6):666-73. 27. Hayashi T, Tsumura K, Suematsu C, Okada K, Fujii S, Endo G. Walking to work and the risk for hypertension in men: the Osaka Health Survey. Annals of internal medicine. 1999;131(1):21-6. 28. Vaara JP, Kyröläinen H, Fogelholm M, Santtila M, Häkkinen A, Häkkinen K, et al. Associations of leisure time, commuting, and occupational physical activity with physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in young men. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2014;11(8):1482-91. 29. Barengo NlC, Hu G, Lakka TA, Pekkarinen H, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland. European Heart Journal. 2004;25(24):2204-11. 30. Groeneveld IF, Proper KI, van der Beek AJ, Hildebrandt VH, van Mechelen W. Lifestyle-focused interventions at the workplace to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease-a systematic review. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. 2010;36(3):202-15. 31. Kris-Etherton P, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Engler M, Howard BV, Krauss RM, et al. Summary of the scientific conference on dietary fatty acids and cardiovascular health: conference summary from the nutrition committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2001;103(7):1034-9. 32. Ghasemifard N, Fallahi E, Barak F, Saneei P, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Yazdannik A, et al. The association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and metabolic syndrome in women. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2014;21(2):112 -21. In persian 33. Yoo S, Nicklas T, Baranowski T, Zakeri IF, Yang S-J, Srinivasan SR, et al. Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;80(4):841-8. 34. Zaribaf F, Falahi E, Barak F, Heidari M, Keshteli A, Yazdannik A, et al. Fish consumption is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2014;68(4):474-80

  • Receive Date 23 November 2022
  • Revise Date 27 February 2023